MST-015 Solved Assignment 2023

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Sample Solution

MST-015 Solved Assignment 2023 Sample Solution
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Question:-01

  1. Attempt the following:
    (a) Write the output of the following statements:
(i) rep ⁡ ( X = C ( T , F , T , F ) rep ⁡ ( X = C ( T , F , T , F ) rep(X=C(T,F,T,F)\operatorname{rep}(\mathrm{X}=\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{T}, \mathrm{F}, \mathrm{T}, \mathrm{F})rep⁡(X=C(T,F,T,F), times = C ( 2 , 1 , 2 , 3 ) ) = C ( 2 , 1 , 2 , 3 ) ) =C(2,1,2,3))=\mathrm{C}(2,1,2,3))=C(2,1,2,3))
(ii) 5 % / % 3 5 % / % 3 5%//%35 \% / \% 35%/%3; diag (3)
Answer:

(a) Write the output of the following statements:

(i) rep ⁡ ( X = C ( T , F , T , F ) rep ⁡ ( X = C ( T , F , T , F ) rep(X=C(T,F,T,F)\operatorname{rep}(\mathrm{X}=\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{T}, \mathrm{F}, \mathrm{T}, \mathrm{F})rep⁡(X=C(T,F,T,F), times = C ( 2 , 1 , 2 , 3 ) ) = C ( 2 , 1 , 2 , 3 ) ) =C(2,1,2,3))=\mathrm{C}(2,1,2,3))=C(2,1,2,3))

In R, this statement would replicate the elements of the vector X = c ( T , F , T , F ) X = c ( T , F , T , F ) X=”c”(T,F,T,F)X = \text{c}(T, F, T, F)X=c(T,F,T,F) according to the times argument c ( 2 , 1 , 2 , 3 ) c ( 2 , 1 , 2 , 3 ) “c”(2,1,2,3)\text{c}(2, 1, 2, 3)c(2,1,2,3).
The output would be a logical vector: c ( T , T , F , T , T , F , F , F ) c ( T , T , F , T , T , F , F , F ) “c”(T,T,F,T,T,F,F,F)\text{c}(T, T, F, T, T, F, F, F)c(T,T,F,T,T,F,F,F)

(ii) 5 % / % 3 5 % / % 3 5%//%35 \% / \% 35%/%3; diag (3)

In R, 5 %% 3 would calculate the remainder of 5 divided by 3, which is 2.
The diag(3) would create a 3×3 identity matrix.
The output would be:
[1] 2
     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    1    0    0
[2,]    0    1    0
[3,]    0    0    1
(b) Differentiate between the use of the sep and collapse arguments of the paste() function.
Answer:
In R, the paste() function is used for concatenating strings. The sep and collapse arguments serve different purposes within this function:

sep Argument:

The sep argument specifies the string that separates the elements to be concatenated. It is used to separate multiple pieces of text that you are joining together.
For example:
paste("Hello", "World", sep = " ")
Output: "Hello World"
Here, the sep argument puts a space between “Hello” and “World”.

collapse Argument:

The collapse argument is used when you have a vector of strings that you want to collapse into a single string. It specifies the separator between elements within the resulting single string.
For example:
paste(c("Hello", "World"), collapse = " ")
Output: "Hello World"
Here, the collapse argument collapses the vector c("Hello", "World") into a single string, separating the elements by a space.

Key Differences:

  1. sep is used to separate the elements that are being concatenated in a single call to paste().
  2. collapse is used to collapse a vector of strings into a single string.
  3. sep works between the elements in each function call, whereas collapse works on the entire vector to produce a single string.
Here’s an example that uses both sep and collapse:
paste(c("Hello", "World"), c("How", "are", "you"), sep = "-", collapse = " ")
Output: "Hello-How World-are Hello-you"
In this example, sep = "-" puts a hyphen between elements being concatenated (“Hello” with “How”, “World” with “are”, and so on). Then collapse = " " collapses the resulting vector into a single string, separating each element by a space.
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