Sample Solution

Assignment A Answer the following questions in about 500 words each.

1. What are the various educational provisions included in the Constitution of India. Explain (86^{\text {th }}) amendment of constitution of India.

Answer:

1. Introduction

The Constitution of India is a comprehensive document that lays down the framework for governance and the rights of citizens. It includes various provisions related to education to ensure that every citizen has access to education and to promote the development of a knowledgeable society. One of the key amendments related to education is the 86th Amendment Act of 2002, which introduced the Right to Education (RTE) as a fundamental right for children in the age group of 6 to 14 years. This amendment aimed to make education a fundamental right to ensure that every child has the opportunity to receive free and compulsory education.

2. Overview of Education Provisions in the Constitution

The Constitution of India includes several provisions related to education. Article 45 of the Constitution, under the Directive Principles of State Policy, states that the state shall endeavor to provide free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of 14 years. This provision reflects the commitment of the state towards providing education to all children.

Additionally, Article 21A was inserted into the Constitution through the 86th Amendment Act of 2002, which states that the state shall provide free and compulsory education to all children in the age group of 6 to 14 years. This amendment made education a fundamental right for children in this age group, highlighting the importance of education in the development of the nation.

3. The 86th Amendment Act of 2002

The 86th Amendment Act of 2002 was a landmark amendment that introduced the Right to Education (RTE) as a fundamental right for children in the age group of 6 to 14 years. The amendment aimed to provide free and compulsory education to all children in this age group, ensuring that they have access to quality education.

4. Key Provisions of the 86th Amendment Act

The 86th Amendment Act of 2002 included several key provisions related to the Right to Education. Some of the key provisions are:

• Free and Compulsory Education: The amendment made it mandatory for the state to provide free and compulsory education to all children in the age group of 6 to 14 years.
• Quality Education: The amendment emphasized the importance of providing quality education to all children, ensuring that they receive an education that is of a high standard.
• Access to Schools: The amendment aimed to ensure that all children have access to schools within a reasonable distance from their homes.
• No Discrimination: The amendment prohibited discrimination in the admission of students, ensuring that every child has equal access to education.

5. Implementation of the 86th Amendment Act

To implement the provisions of the 86th Amendment Act, the government of India introduced the Right to Education Act in 2009. This act laid down the framework for the implementation of the RTE and provided guidelines for the establishment of schools, the appointment of teachers, and the monitoring of the implementation of the RTE.

6. Challenges in the Implementation of the RTE

Despite the introduction of the RTE, there have been several challenges in its implementation. Some of the key challenges include:

• Infrastructure: Many schools lack basic infrastructure such as classrooms, toilets, and drinking water facilities, which hinders the quality of education provided.
• Teacher Shortage: There is a shortage of trained teachers in many schools, leading to a lack of quality education for students.
• Quality of Education: The quality of education provided in many schools is not up to the mark, leading to a high dropout rate among students.

7. Conclusion

The 86th Amendment Act of 2002 was a significant step towards ensuring that every child has access to education. However, there is still much work to be done to fully implement the provisions of the RTE and to ensure that every child receives a quality education. It is essential for the government to address the challenges in the implementation of the RTE and to take steps to improve the quality of education provided in schools. Only then can we truly achieve the goal of providing free and compulsory education to all children.