Write short note on Langue and Parole.
Solution
The terms “langue” and “parole” were originally used in linguistic theory by Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure to define the link between language and speech. Langue refers to a language’s system, which includes its syntax, lexicon, and norms, whereas parole refers to the actual use of language in speech or writing.
Langue can be defined as a language’s underlying structure, the abstract and theoretical component of it that exists irrespective of any individual speakers or environment. It is the collection of rules and principles that allow language speakers to communicate with one another. It is the accumulation of a speaker’s linguistic knowledge, skills, and talents through time. A language is the system of signs, sounds, and symbols that comprise it.
Parole, on the other hand, refers to the tangible and practical use of language in speech or writing. It is the act of speaking or writing in a language in order to impart meaning to others, utilising the norms and principles of the language. It is the exact utterances, words, and sentences that an individual speaks or writes at a certain moment and location.
The contrast between langue and parole shows the dynamic interaction between the abstract system of language and its practical use. Langue serves as the foundation for parole, yet parole also helps to shape and evolve langue. When a new word is introduced into a language, for example, it becomes a part of the langue and can be used by other speakers in their own parole.
It is critical to understand that langue and parole are not mutually exclusive and are interrelated. The langue gives the parole structure and norms, yet the parole also informs the langue. For example, if a new phrase or term becomes popular in the parole, it may become a part of the langue and be utilised by other speakers.
Another crucial distinction to make is that, although langue is a common language system to which all speakers of a language have access, parole is unique to each individual speaker. Everyone has their own method of speaking and writing, as well as their own dialect and accent and unique style.
Finally, Saussure coined the words “langue” and “parole” to express the link between language and speech. Langue refers to a language’s underlying structure, the abstract and theoretical component of it, which exists irrespective of any individual speakers or situation, whereas parole refers to the actual use of language in speech or writing, the concrete and practical aspect of it. These two notions are intertwined; language gives structure and standards for parole, but parole also influences langue. To comprehend the complexity and depth of languages, it is necessary to understand the contrast between these two ideas.