IGNOU MMTE-004 Solved Assignment | 1st January, 2025 to 31st December, 2025 | COMPUTER GRAPHICS | MSc MACS

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MMTE-004 Sample Solution

IGNOU MMTE-004 Solved Assignment | 1st January, 2025 to 31st December, 2025 | COMPUTER GRAPHICS | MSc MACS MMTE-004 Sample Solution

MMTE-004 Solved Assignment 2025

Question:-1(a)

Have you used or seen used computer graphics in day-to-day life? How? Explain.

Answer:

Computer Graphics in Day-to-Day Life
Computer graphics have become an integral part of our daily lives, often without us even realizing it. From smartphones and advertisements to video games and social media, computer-generated visuals surround us, enhancing communication, entertainment, and productivity.
One of the most common uses of computer graphics is in advertising and branding. Billboards, product packaging, and digital ads rely on graphic design software to create eye-catching visuals. Logos, animations, and promotional videos are all designed using tools like Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator, and After Effects. Even simple things like restaurant menus or online banners use computer graphics to attract attention.
Another major application is in entertainment and gaming. Movies, TV shows, and video games use advanced 3D graphics, animation, and visual effects (VFX) to create immersive experiences. Platforms like Netflix, YouTube, and Instagram are filled with digitally enhanced content, including filters, CGI (Computer-Generated Imagery), and motion graphics. Video games, in particular, depend heavily on real-time rendering to create lifelike environments.
In education and training, computer graphics simplify complex concepts through diagrams, simulations, and interactive models. Medical students use 3D visualizations of the human body, while engineers rely on CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software to design structures and machines. Even weather forecasts use graphics to display radar maps and climate data.
User interfaces (UI) and navigation systems also depend on computer graphics. Smartphone apps, ATMs, and GPS maps use icons, buttons, and animations to improve usability. Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technologies, like Snapchat filters or VR gaming, further demonstrate how deeply graphics are embedded in modern life.
In conclusion, computer graphics play a crucial role in various fields, making information more engaging, communication more effective, and entertainment more enjoyable. Whether through digital art, gaming, or practical applications like navigation and education, they have transformed the way we interact with the world.

Question:-1(b)

Explain the difference between the random scan and raster scan display devices.

Answer:

Difference Between Random Scan and Raster Scan Display Devices

Display devices are essential for visualizing digital content, and they primarily use two scanning methods: Random Scan (Vector Scan) and Raster Scan. Both techniques differ in how they render images on the screen.

1. Random Scan (Vector Scan)

  • Works with line drawings – Instead of displaying the entire screen, it draws only the necessary lines and shapes, making it ideal for CAD and engineering applications.
  • High resolution & smooth curves – Since it directly controls the electron beam to draw lines, it produces sharper and smoother images.
  • Faster for simple graphics – Efficient for wireframe models and geometric designs but struggles with complex, shaded images.
  • No fixed pixel grid – The electron beam moves freely, drawing lines in any direction without following a fixed pattern.
  • Used in oscilloscopes & early vector displays – Modern use is limited but was once popular in specialized systems.

2. Raster Scan

  • Pixel-based display – The screen is divided into a grid of pixels, and the electron beam scans line by line from top to bottom.
  • Used in TVs, monitors, and LCDs – Most modern displays (CRT, LED, LCD) use this method.
  • Supports complex images & shading – Since it refreshes the entire screen, it can display detailed images, photos, and videos.
  • Requires a frame buffer – Stores pixel data in memory for continuous refreshing, leading to higher memory usage.
  • Lower resolution for curved lines – Due to pixelation, diagonal or curved lines may appear jagged (aliasing).
  • Refresh rate dependency – Flickering can occur if the refresh rate is too low.

Key Differences

Feature Random Scan Raster Scan
Image Type Line drawings Pixel-based
Resolution Higher for vectors Lower for curves
Refresh Method Only active lines Full-screen scan
Memory Usage Low High (frame buffer needed)
Applications CAD, oscilloscopes TVs, monitors, gaming

Conclusion

While random scan is efficient for precise line drawings, raster scan dominates modern displays due to its ability to render complex, shaded images. The choice depends on the application—vector-based systems favor random scan, whereas multimedia and general computing rely on raster scan.

Question:-1(c)

Consider a non-interlaced raster system with resolution 1024 x 1248, and retrace rate of 40 frames per second. While displaying a frame, an electron beam spends 2 micro seconds in horizontal retrace, and 100 micro seconds in vertical retrace. Compute the fraction of the total refresh time per frame in retracing of the electron beam.

Answer:

Solution: Calculating Retrace Time Fraction in a Raster Scan System

Given Parameters:

  • Resolution: 1024 × 1248 pixels
    • Horizontal pixels (columns): 1024
    • Vertical lines (rows): 1248
  • Refresh rate: 40 frames per second (fps)
  • Horizontal retrace time per line ( t h _ r e t r a c e t h _ r e t r a c e t_(h_retrace)t_{h\_retrace}th_retrace): 2 μs
  • Vertical retrace time per frame ( t v _ r e t r a c e t v _ r e t r a c e t_(v_retrace)t_{v\_retrace}tv_retrace): 100 μs

Objective:

Find the fraction of total refresh time per frame spent in retracing (both horizontal and vertical).

Step 1: Calculate Total Refresh Time per Frame

The refresh rate is 40 Hz, meaning each frame takes:
T f r a m e = 1 40 seconds = 25 , 000 μs T f r a m e = 1 40  seconds = 25 , 000  μs T_(frame)=(1)/(40)” seconds”=25,000″ μs”T_{frame} = \frac{1}{40} \text{ seconds} = 25,000 \text{ μs}Tframe=140 seconds=25,000 μs

Step 2: Calculate Total Horizontal Retrace Time per Frame

  • The electron beam scans 1248 lines per frame.
  • For each line, it spends 2 μs in horizontal retrace.
  • Total horizontal retrace time per frame:
T h _ t o t a l = 1248 × 2 μs = 2496 μs T h _ t o t a l = 1248 × 2  μs = 2496  μs T_(h_total)=1248 xx2″ μs”=2496″ μs”T_{h\_total} = 1248 \times 2 \text{ μs} = 2496 \text{ μs}Th_total=1248×2 μs=2496 μs

Step 3: Calculate Total Vertical Retrace Time per Frame

  • The vertical retrace occurs once per frame and takes 100 μs:
T v _ t o t a l = 100 μs T v _ t o t a l = 100  μs T_(v_total)=100″ μs”T_{v\_total} = 100 \text{ μs}Tv_total=100 μs

Step 4: Total Retrace Time per Frame

T r e t r a c e = T h _ t o t a l + T v _ t o t a l = 2496 μs + 100 μs = 2596 μs T r e t r a c e = T h _ t o t a l + T v _ t o t a l = 2496  μs + 100  μs = 2596  μs T_(retrace)=T_(h_total)+T_(v_total)=2496″ μs”+100″ μs”=2596″ μs”T_{retrace} = T_{h\_total} + T_{v\_total} = 2496 \text{ μs} + 100 \text{ μs} = 2596 \text{ μs}Tretrace=Th_total+Tv_total=2496 μs+100 μs=2596 μs

Step 5: Fraction of Time Spent in Retracing

Fraction of retrace time = T r e t r a c e T f r a m e = 2596 μs 25000 μs = 0.10384 ≈ 10.38 % Fraction of retrace time = T r e t r a c e T f r a m e = 2596  μs 25000  μs = 0.10384 ≈ 10.38 % “Fraction of retrace time”=(T_(retrace))/(T_(frame))=(2596″ μs”)/(25000″ μs”)=0.10384~~10.38%\text{Fraction of retrace time} = \frac{T_{retrace}}{T_{frame}} = \frac{2596 \text{ μs}}{25000 \text{ μs}} = 0.10384 \approx 10.38\%Fraction of retrace time=TretraceTframe=2596 μs25000 μs=0.10384≈10.38%

Final Answer:

The electron beam spends approximately 10.38% of the total refresh time per frame in retracing (both horizontal and vertical).
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