IGNOU BCHET-141 Solved Assignment 2024 | B.Sc. CBCS Chemistry
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IGNOU BCHET-141 Assignment Question Paper 2024
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What is the necessary condition for observing IR spectrum? Describe in brief the types of vibrations for a polyatomic molecule.
BCHET-141 Sample Solution 2024
bchet-141-solved-assignment-2024-ss-8e24e610-06c9-4b43-84f6-a5bf6ef5ab5c
1. Preparation
- Selecting Containers: Use clean, sterilized containers made of materials that will not react with the water sample, such as glass or high-density polyethylene (HDPE).
- Labeling: Clearly label each container with the sample location, date, time, and any other relevant information.
- Preservation Reagents: Prepare any necessary preservation reagents or ice packs required for the specific analyses.
2. Sampling
- Location: Choose a representative sampling location away from disturbances or contaminant sources.
- Collection Method: Use a suitable method for collecting the sample, such as a grab sample or a depth-integrated sampler, depending on the purpose of the sampling.
- Filling Containers: Fill containers to the appropriate volume, avoiding air bubbles and ensuring the lid is tightly sealed.
3. Preservation
- Temperature Control: Keep samples cool, typically at 4°C (39°F), using ice packs or a cooler during transport.
- Chemical Preservation: If required, add preservatives according to the specific analysis needs. For example, add sulfuric acid to lower pH for nutrient analysis or add sodium thiosulfate for chlorine removal in microbiological samples.
- Immediate Processing: Some analyses, such as for dissolved oxygen, require immediate processing in the field.
4. Transport and Storage
- Transport: Transport samples to the laboratory as soon as possible, maintaining temperature control.
- Storage: Store samples in a refrigerator at 4°C (39°F) if immediate analysis is not possible. Follow specific storage time limits for each parameter to be analyzed.
5. Documentation
- Field Notes: Record detailed field notes, including sampling location, time, weather conditions, and any observations that may impact the sample quality.
- Chain of Custody: Maintain a chain of custody record if required, documenting each person who handled the sample from collection to analysis.
6. Analysis
- Timely Analysis: Analyze samples promptly according to the recommended holding times for each parameter.
- Quality Control: Include quality control samples, such as blanks, duplicates, and standards, to ensure the accuracy and precision of the analysis.
Summary
How to Reduce Indeterminate Errors:
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Repetition and Averaging: Repeating measurements multiple times and calculating the average can reduce the impact of random fluctuations, as the errors tend to cancel out over a large number of observations.
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Improving Measurement Techniques: Refining measurement techniques, using more precise instruments, and ensuring that measurements are taken under consistent conditions can help minimize random variations.
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Calibration: Regularly calibrating instruments against known standards can reduce errors due to instrument drift or inaccuracies.
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Environmental Control: Minimizing variations in environmental conditions, such as temperature, humidity, and vibrations, can help reduce random errors that arise from these factors.
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Statistical Analysis: Employing statistical methods, such as standard deviation and error analysis, can help quantify the magnitude of indeterminate errors and guide efforts to reduce them.
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Training and Experience: Ensuring that personnel are well-trained and experienced in the measurement techniques and instruments being used can reduce errors due to human factors.
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