Climate, Vegetation and Soil

Consider the following statements:
1. Climate is the momentary state of the atmosphere.
2. Weather refers to the average of the weather conditions over a longer period of time.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following:
1. Temperature
2. Pressure
3. Wind direction and velocity
4. Humidity
Which of the above is/are the elements of weather?

Consider the following statements:
1. Cherrapunji and Mawsynram in the Garo Hills of Meghalaya receive rainfall over 1,080 cm in a year.
2. The annual precipitation is less than 10 cm in the northwest Himalayas and the western deserts.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:
1. The northern part of India lies in tropical zone.
2. The southern part of India falls in the temperate zone.
3. The temperate zone experiences high temperatures throughout the year.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:
1. The Himalayas protect the subcontinent from the cold northern winds.
2. These cold and chilly winds originate near the Arctic circle.
3. The Himalayas trap the monsoon winds.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:
1. Temperature increases with height.
2. Due to thin air, places in the mountains are cooler than places on the plains.
3. Agra and Darjiling are located on the same latitude.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:
1. The physiography of India affects the temperature and air pressure.
2. The Southern Plateau remains dry due to its leeward situation along the Western Ghats.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:
1, The weather conditions in winter over India are influenced by the distribution of pressure in Central and Western Asia.
2. A low pressure centre to the north of the Himalayas develops during winter.
3. The surface winds blowing out of the high pressure Asia reach India in the form of a dry continental air mass.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:
1. The variations in the atmospheric pressure closer to the surface of the earth decides the upper air circulation.
2. All of Western and Central Asia remains under the influence of easterly winds.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:
1. The jet streams are high altitude Westerly winds between middle latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere.
2. The Tibetan highlands act as a barrier in the path of jet streams.
3. The northern branch of the jet stream exercises an important influence on the winter weather in India.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:
1. The western cyclonic disturbances develop over the Mediterranean Sea.
2. The western cyclonic disturbances are brought into India by the westerly jet stream.
3. An increase in the prevailing day temperature generally indicates an advance in the arrival of these cyclonic disturbances.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:
1. The Tropical cyclones originate over the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea.
2. These tropical cyclones have very high wind velocity.
3. The Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Orissa coast are the most affected areas.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:
1. The wind circulation over the subcontinent undergoes a complete reversal as sun shifts northwards in summer.
2. Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) are areas of low pressure around the Equator where Trade Winds converge.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:
1. There is cause and effect relationship between northward shift of the equatorial trough (ITCZ) and the withdrawal of the westerly jet stream over north India.
2. ITCZ is the responsible factor for southwest monsoon in India.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:
1. The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a where air tends to descend.
2. InJuly, the ITCZ is located around 20°N-25°N latitudes called the monsoon trough.
3. In winter, southwards shift of ITCZ, leads to northeast monsoons.
Which of the above statements is/are Incorrect?

Consider the following statements:
1. An easterly jet stream flows over the southern part of the Peninsula in June.
2. They steer the tropical depressions into India.
3. The frequency of tropical depressions determine the rainfall pattern during the northeast monsoons.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:
1. EI-Nino brings drought, floods and other weather extremes to different parts of the world.
2. EI-Nino is used in India for forecasting long range monsoon rainfall.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following:
1. Distortion of equatorial atmospheric circulation.
2. Irregularities in the evaporation of sea water.
3. Reduction in the amount of planktons in sea.
Which of the above is/are the impact of warming of Peruvian Coast by EI-Nino affect?

Consider the following statements:
1. EI-Nino is merely an extension of cold Humbolt current.
2. EI-Nino involves oceanic and atmospheric phenomena with the appearance of warm currents off the coast of Peru.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:
1. The Bay of Bengal branch of monsoon causes rainfall on the west coast of India.
2. The Arabian Sea current brings rain to the plains of north India.
3. The rainfall along Western Ghats is orographic.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following:
1. The offshore meteorological conditions.
2. The position of the equatorial jet stream along the eastern coast of Africa.
Which of the above is/ are the factors related to intensity of rainfall over the west coast of India?

Consider the following statements:
1. In northern India rains are likely to fail if the rain-bearing storms are infrequent along the monsoon trough.
2. Over the east coast the dry spells are associated with days when winds blow parallel to the coast.
Which of the above is/are the reasons or dry spells during south-west monsoon?

Consider the following statements:
1. The northwestern parts of India experience continental climate.
2. The snowfall in the nearby Himalayan ranges.
3. The cold winds coming from the Caspian Sea and Turkmenistan.
Which of the above is/are the factors responsible for excessive cold in north India during winters?

Consider the following statements:
1. Moderating influence of the sea.
2. The proximity to Equator.
Which of the above is/are factors responsible for weather conditions in Peninsular region of India?

Consider the following statements:
1. Highly beneficial for kharif crops.
2. Sustain the flow of water in the Himalayan rivers.
Which of the above is/are the advantages of winter rainfall in India?

Consider the following:
1. Central parts of India
2. Northern parts of southern Peninsula
3. Tamil Nadu Coast
4. Southern Andhra Pradesh
5. Southeast Karnataka
6. Southeast Kerala
Which of the above mentioned regions of India receive winter rainfall?

Consider the following statements:
1. The summer months are a period of excessive heat and rising air pressure in northern India.
2. Because of the heating of the subcontinent, the ITCZ moves southwards occupying a position centred at 25°N.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:
1. Mango Shower: Kerala and coastal areas of Karnataka.
2. Blossom Shower: Bengal and Assam
3. Nor Westers: Kerala and nearby areas
4. Loo: Punjab to Bihar
Which of the above is/are incorrectly matched?

“Bardoli Chheerha” is a term for pre monsoon shower in

Consider the following statements:
1. The monsoon winds obstructed by the Western Ghats causes heavy rainfall in the windward side of the Sahyadris and Western Coastal Plain.
2. The region east of the Western Ghats lies in rain-shadow area.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:
1. The Bay of Bengal branch of monsoon strikes the coast of Myanmar and north Bangladesh.
2. The Arakan Hills deflect this branch towards the Indian subcontinent.
3. The monsoon enters West Bengal from the south-westerly direction.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:
1. The Tamil Nadu Coast is situated south to the Bay of Bengal branch of southwest monsoon.
2. It lies in the rainshadow area of the Bay of Bengal branch of the south-west monsoon.
Which of the above is/are the factors responsible for dry season in Tamil Nadu Coast during south-west monsoon?

Consider the following statements:
1. Rainfall received from the southwest monsoons is seasonal in character.
2. Monsoonal rainfall is largely governed by topography.
3. The monsoon rainfall has a declining trend with decreasing distance from the sea.
4. The breaks in monsoon rains are related to the cyclonic depressions mainly formed at Arabian Sea.
Which of the above mentioned characteristics of monsoonal rainfall are correct?

Consider the following statements:
1. Over two-third of the total rain in India is received during the southwest monsoon season.
2. Its spatial distribution is also uneven which ranges from 12 cm to more than 250 cm.
3. The summer rainfall comes in a heavy downpour leading to considerable run off and soil erosion.
Which of the above mentioned characteristics of monsoonal rainfall is/are correct?

Consider the following statements related to retreating monsoon:
1. October and November are the rainiest months in eastern part of the Peninsula.
2. Abulk of the rainfall of the Coromondal Coast is derived from cyclonic depressions originating over Andaman Sea.
3. These cyclonic depressions bring destructive tropical cyclones on eastern coast.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:
Seasons: Months of Indian Calendar
1. Hemanta: Asvina-Kartika
2. Varsha: Margashirsa-Pausa
3. Grishma: Magha-Phalguna
Which of the above is/are matched correctly?

Consider the following:
1. Khasi and Jaintia hills
2. Odisha
3. Jharkhand
4. Cachar Valley
5. Manipur
Which of the above mentioned places receive annual rainfall between 100-200 cm?

Consider the following:
1. Western Uttar Pradesh
2. Haryana
3. Punjab
4. Western Rajasthan
5. Eastern Rajasthan
Which of the above mentioned places receive annual rainfall between 50-100 cm?

Consider the following statements:
1. A characteristic feature of rainfall in India is its variability.
2. The values of coefficient of variation show variability of rainfall in India.
3. The actual rainfall in some places in India deviates from 20-50 per cent.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:
1. Except the northwestern part of India, rest of the country has a monsoon type of climate.
2. Aclimatic region has a heterogeneous climatic condition.
3. Temperature and rainfall are decisive factors in all the schemes of climatic classification.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:
1. The mean monthly temperature throughout the year is over 18°C – Dry Climates.
2. The mean temperature of the coldest month is between 18°C and minus 3°C – Warm temperate climates.
3. The mean temperature of the warmest month is under 10°C – Cool temperate climates.
Which of the above combinations is/are not matched correctly as per Koeppen’s Climatic classification?

Consider the following:
1. Ganga plain
2. Eastern Rajasthan
3. Northern Madhya Pradesh
4. North-east India
As per Koeppen’s Climatic classification scheme the type of climate of above places in India is

Consider the following:
1. Bwhw – Monsoon with dry winter
2. As: Monsoon with short dry season
3. Dfe: Hot Desert
Which of the above combinations are matched correctly as per Koeppen’s Climatic classification?

As per Koeppen’s Climatic classification scheme, Arunachal Pradesh has been assigned what type of climate?

Which one of the following phenomenon happens when the sun shines vertically over the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere?

In which of the following states in India ‘As’ type of climate is found as per Koeppen’s classification?