bchct-131-solved-assignment-2024-ss-10cd7422-4b11-4531-9171-a6445826d855

1. Using a suitable diagram explain the spectral transitions between different energy levels of hydrogen atom. Also name these series of lines and give the region of electromagnetic radiation in which they appear.

1. Lyman Series: Transitions from higher energy levels $n\ge 2$$n\ge 2$n >= 2n \geq 2$n\ge 2$ to the $n=1$$n=1$n=1n = 1$n=1$ level. These lines are in the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
2. Balmer Series: Transitions from higher energy levels $n\ge 3$$n\ge 3$n >= 3n \geq 3$n\ge 3$ to the $n=2$$n=2$n=2n = 2$n=2$ level. These lines are in the visible region of the spectrum.
3. Paschen Series: Transitions from higher energy levels $n\ge 4$$n\ge 4$n >= 4n \geq 4$n\ge 4$ to the $n=3$$n=3$n=3n = 3$n=3$ level. These lines are in the infrared region.
4. Brackett Series: Transitions from higher energy levels $n\ge 5$$n\ge 5$n >= 5n \geq 5$n\ge 5$ to the $n=4$$n=4$n=4n = 4$n=4$ level, also in the infrared region.
5. Pfund Series: Transitions from higher energy levels $n\ge 6$$n\ge 6$n >= 6n \geq 6$n\ge 6$ to the $n=5$$n=5$n=5n = 5$n=5$ level, again in the infrared region.

• Lyman Series: This series represents transitions from higher energy levels to the $n=1$$n=1$n=1n = 1$n=1$ level. These transitions result in the emission of ultraviolet radiation.
• Balmer Series: These transitions occur from higher levels to the $n=2$$n=2$n=2n = 2$n=2$ level, and the emitted radiation falls in the visible spectrum.
• Paschen Series: Transitions to the $n=3$$n=3$n=3n = 3$n=3$ level are in the Paschen series, and the radiation emitted is in the infrared region.
• Brackett Series: These are transitions to the $n=4$$n=4$n=4n = 4$n=4$ level, with emitted radiation also in the infrared region.
• Pfund Series: This series includes transitions to the $n=5$$n=5$n=5n = 5$n=5$ level, with emissions in the infrared region.

2. What was the purpose of Davisson and Germer experiment? Explains and analyse its results.

Original Purpose:

Accidental Discovery and Quantum Mechanics:

Experiment Details:

Results and Analysis:

1. Wave-Like Behavior: Instead of a random scattering pattern, Davisson and Germer observed a series of concentrated spots. These spots formed a pattern that resembled the diffraction patterns produced by waves, not particles. When the wavelength of these electron waves was calculated, it matched the theoretical prediction made by de Broglie for the wavelength of an electron.
2. Confirmation of de Broglie’s Hypothesis: This experiment provided the first solid evidence of de Broglie’s hypothesis of matter waves, suggesting that matter can exhibit wave-like properties, a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics.
3. Impact on Physics: The Davisson-Germer experiment’s findings were groundbreaking. They played a significant role in the acceptance of wave-particle duality theory and the broader development of quantum mechanics. This theory fundamentally altered our understanding of how particles at the atomic and subatomic level behave.
4. Brillouin Zones Analysis: Later analyses related the experiment’s results to the concept of Brillouin zones in solid state physics, further illustrating the wave nature of electrons and their interactions in crystalline structures.