mph-005-39c14d92-fb99-440c-9dce-011958eadd2f

1. a) What are the assumption made while deriving the ideal diode equation? Explain the effect of temperature on the breakdown voltage of the diode.
   b) Define the External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) of an LED. Calculate its value for a semiconductor material with refractive index $n_2=3.6$$n_2=3.6$n_(2)=3.6n_2=3.6$n_2=3.6$; assuming the refractive index of the air $=1$$=1$=1=1$=1$.
   c) Draw the symbols of following diodes:
   i) Varactor diode, ii) Schottky diode, iii) p-i-n diode, iv) Tunnel diode
   Explain the origin of negative resistance in Gunn diode with the help of appropriate E-k diagram. What are the applications of Gunn diode?
2. a) Explain with the help of appropriate diagram, how extremely high current gain can be obtained using the Darlington pair configuration of BJT.
   b) Explain with the help of a circuit diagram and appropriate waveforms, how an SRC can be used for motor speed control. Suggest the modification in the circuit to turn it $\mathrm{O}\mathrm{N}$$\mathrm{O}\mathrm{N}$ON\mathrm{ON}$\mathrm{O}\mathrm{N}$ beyond ${90}^{\circ }$${90}^{\circ }$90^(@)90^{\circ}${90}^{\circ }$ phase of the input ac cycle.
3. a) Discuss the effect of various circuit parameters governing the low frequency and high frequency responses of a transistor amplifier. Prove that the high frequency response of an amplifier decreases by $6\mathrm{d}\mathrm{B}$$6\mathrm{d}\mathrm{B}$6dB6 \mathrm{~dB}$6\mathrm{d}\mathrm{B}$ per octave unit.
   b) In single ended input – single ended output configuration of a differential amplifier, the input voltage is $5\mathrm{m}\mathrm{V}$$5\mathrm{m}\mathrm{V}$5mV5 \mathrm{mV}$5\mathrm{m}\mathrm{V}$. If the collector resistors $R_{C1}=R_{C2}=51\mathrm{k}\mathrm{\Omega }$$R_{C1}=R_{C2}=51\mathrm{k}\mathrm{\Omega }$R_(C1)=R_(C2)=51kOmegaR_{C 1}=R_{C 2}=51 \mathrm{k} \Omega$R_{C1}=R_{C2}=51\mathrm{k}\mathrm{\Omega }$, emitter resistor $R_E=47\mathrm{k}\mathrm{\Omega }$$R_E=47\mathrm{k}\mathrm{\Omega }$R_(E)=47kOmegaR_E=47 \mathrm{k} \Omega$R_E=47\mathrm{k}\mathrm{\Omega }$ and supply voltage is $\pm 10\mathrm{V}$$\pm 10\mathrm{V}$+-10V\pm 10 \mathrm{~V}$\pm 10\mathrm{V}$, calculate the differential gain and output voltage of the circuit.

6. a) Describe the factors giving rise to the output offset voltage of an op amp. Explain the method for measuring the output resistance of an op amp.
   b) Explain the working of a Schmitt trigger using an op amp with the help of appropriate circuit diagram. Design a Schmitt trigger circuit with hysteresis of $20\mathrm{\%}$$20\mathrm{\%}$20%20 \%$20\mathrm{\%}$ of $\pm V_{SAT}$$\pm V_{SAT}$+-V_(SAT)\pm V_{S A T}$\pm V_{SAT}$.
   c) With the help of a circuit diagram explain the working of an active full wave rectifier. What are the advantages of using an op amp in rectifier and filter circuits? What is the limitation of using an op amp in a high pass filter circuit?
7. a) Explain the constant current limiting circuit implemented in a series voltage regulator. How is this circuit modified to achieve a fold-back configuration?
   b) What are the advantages of switch mode dc-dc convertor over linear voltage regulator? Explain the working of buck convertor.
8. a) Explain the working of a PLL using a block diagram. Why is the capture range of a PLL always smaller than its lock range?
   b) Explain the working of a tracking type ADC. Compare its performance with flash type ADC.
   c) List the general purpose registers available in 8085 microprocessor. What is a data pointer? Describe the roles of accumulator and flag register in 8085 .