Attempt the following:
(a) Write the output of the following statements:
(i) rep(X=C(T,F,T,F)\operatorname{rep}(\mathrm{X}=\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{T}, \mathrm{F}, \mathrm{T}, \mathrm{F}), times =C(2,1,2,3))=\mathrm{C}(2,1,2,3))
(ii) 5%//%35 \% / \% 3; diag (3)
(b) Differentiate between the use of the sep and col1 apse arguments of the paste() function.
(c) Write R commands to create a bar plot of the following data by using arguments of the used function for filling up the bars and to give labels to the axis:
(d) Check whether the given loop is finite or infinite. If infinite, do the necessary changes in the written loop to make it finite. x < -0x<-0
repeat { print(x^^2)\operatorname{print}(x \wedge 2) x < -x+1x<-x+1
if (x < 5)print(x)}(x<5) \operatorname{print}(x)\} x < -0\mathrm{x}<-0
repeat { print(x^^2)\operatorname{print}(x \wedge 2) x < -x+1\mathrm{x}<-\mathrm{x}+1
if (x < 5)(x<5) print (x)}(x)\}
(1xx3+2=5)(1 \times 3+2=5)
The following data relates to the number of items produced per shift by two workers for a number of days.
Worker A
19
22
24
27
24
18
Worker B
26
37
40
35
NA
NA
Worker A 19 22 24 27 24 18
Worker B 26 37 40 35 NA NA| Worker A | 19 | 22 | 24 | 27 | 24 | 18 |
| :— | :— | :— | :— | :— | :— | :— |
| Worker B | 26 | 37 | 40 | 35 | NA | NA |
(a) Write R command to create a list named LT with worker’s data. Also, after creating the list, do the following tasks:
(i) Use a suitable loop function to compute the mean of number of items produced by each worker in a single line command.
(ii) Extract the worker A data from it by using two different approaches.
(b) Write R\mathrm{R} command to create a data frame named DF with worker’s data and do the following tasks:
(i) Use suitable function to remove NA from the data and then create a scatter plot.
(ii) Write the known data obtained in step (i) to a .txt file named “WORK”.
Write R commands to:
(a) Create a function to compute ranks (in case of tied ranks) of the given data.
(b) Create a date object named Ddata consisting of the following dates.
26Jan2023, 15Aug2023, 02Oct2023, 05Sep2023
(c) Create an array of two dimension with following elements.
Write R commands to do the following tasks:
(i) Multiply the two matrices.
(ii) Combine the two matrices row-wise.
(iii) Create a function that computes the following expression:
A^(2)+3^(**)BA^2+3^* B
(b) Create a data frame named RData consisting of the following data:
Write R\mathrm{R} commands to:
(i) Compute the group wise means of x,y\mathrm{x}, \mathrm{y} and z\mathrm{z} according to the groups defined by w column using apply family function.
(ii) Sort RData according the y column of it.
Attempt the following:
(a) Write the output of the following statements:
(i) rep(X=C(T,F,T,F)\operatorname{rep}(\mathrm{X}=\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{T}, \mathrm{F}, \mathrm{T}, \mathrm{F}), times =C(2,1,2,3))=\mathrm{C}(2,1,2,3))
(ii) 5%//%35 \% / \% 3; diag (3)
Answer:
(a) Write the output of the following statements:
(i) rep(X=C(T,F,T,F)\operatorname{rep}(\mathrm{X}=\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{T}, \mathrm{F}, \mathrm{T}, \mathrm{F}), times =C(2,1,2,3))=\mathrm{C}(2,1,2,3))
In R, this statement would replicate the elements of the vector X=”c”(T,F,T,F)X = \text{c}(T, F, T, F) according to the times argument “c”(2,1,2,3)\text{c}(2, 1, 2, 3).
The output would be a logical vector: “c”(T,T,F,T,T,F,F,F)\text{c}(T, T, F, T, T, F, F, F)
(ii) 5%//%35 \% / \% 3; diag (3)
In R, 5 %% 3 would calculate the remainder of 5 divided by 3, which is 2.
(b) Differentiate between the use of the sep and collapse arguments of the paste() function.
Answer:
In R, the paste() function is used for concatenating strings. The sep and collapse arguments serve different purposes within this function:
sep Argument:
The sep argument specifies the string that separates the elements to be concatenated. It is used to separate multiple pieces of text that you are joining together.
For example:
paste("Hello","World", sep =" ")
Output: "Hello World"
Here, the sep argument puts a space between “Hello” and “World”.
collapse Argument:
The collapse argument is used when you have a vector of strings that you want to collapse into a single string. It specifies the separator between elements within the resulting single string.
For example:
paste(c("Hello","World"), collapse =" ")
Output: "Hello World"
Here, the collapse argument collapses the vector c("Hello", "World") into a single string, separating the elements by a space.
Key Differences:
sep is used to separate the elements that are being concatenated in a single call to paste().
collapse is used to collapse a vector of strings into a single string.
sep works between the elements in each function call, whereas collapse works on the entire vector to produce a single string.
Here’s an example that uses both sep and collapse:
In this example, sep = "-" puts a hyphen between elements being concatenated (“Hello” with “How”, “World” with “are”, and so on). Then collapse = " " collapses the resulting vector into a single string, separating each element by a space.
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