IGNOU MST-019 Solved Assignment 2024 - Epidemiology and Clinical Trials

IGNOU MST-019 Solved Assignment 2024 | MSCAST | IGNOU

Solved By – Narendra Kr. Sharma – M.Sc (Mathematics Honors) – Delhi University

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IGNOU MST-019 Assignment Question Paper 2024

mst-019-solved-assignment-2024-qp-8e24e610-06c9-4b43-84f6-a5bf6ef5ab5c

mst-019-solved-assignment-2024-qp-8e24e610-06c9-4b43-84f6-a5bf6ef5ab5c

  1. (a) In the natural history of a disease define: total preclinical phase, detectable pre-clinical phase and clinical phase. Suppose on 10 am on 25.01.2010 a disease A onset you biologically. Suppose test of the disease A can detect it exactly after completion of 1000 days of biologically onset. Suppose signs and symptoms develop exactly after completion of 1010 days of biologically onset. Suppose you consult doctor exactly after 1015 days of biologically onset of the disease. Suppose outcome the treatment is cure. What is duration of (i) total preclinical phase (ii) detectable pre-clinical phase (iii) clinical phase.
    (b) If p p p\mathrm{p}p denotes proportion and q q q\mathrm{q}q denotes odds then prove that q = p 1 − p q = p 1 − p q=(p)/(1-p)\mathrm{q}=\frac{\mathrm{p}}{1-\mathrm{p}}q=p1−p. Find the range of q q q\mathrm{q}q. If the odds of smokers in a study are 0.25 then find the proportion of smokers in the study. Assume that each subject of the study is either a smoker or non-smoker.
    (c) A trial is conducted in which some people with disease X X X\mathrm{X}X were randomly allocated into two groups. First group was advised to do some morning walk for 30 minutes and take light food each day and second group was given one injection and one 100 m g 100 m g 100mg100 \mathrm{mg}100mg tablet once a day to control disease X. The injection can cause loose motion in some cases and 100 m g 100 m g 100mg100 \mathrm{mg}100mg tablet has no side effect. At the end of two months, 90 % 90 % 90%90 \%90% of group I and 80 % 80 % 80%80 \%80% of group II had recovered from disease X X X\mathrm{X}X.
    i) What are the regimens for group I and group II in this trial?
    ii) What are the efficacies in group I and group II?
    iii) What are the safety issues in group I and group II in this trial?
  2. (a) What is the basic difference between (a) cross-sectional (b) cohort and (c) case control study designs. Explain with suitable examples of each design.
    (b) RTPCR test is applied on 300 covid patients and 200 non-covid patients. The results of the test are shown as follows.
Disease status Total
Yes ( D + ) D + (D^(+))\left(\mathrm{D}^{+}\right)(D+) No ( D − ) D − (D^(-))\left(\mathrm{D}^{-}\right)(D−)
Result of
RTPCR test
Result of RTPCR test| Result of | | :— | | RTPCR test |
 T + T + T^(+)\mathrm{T}^{+}T+ 480 40 520
T − T − T^(-)\mathrm{T}^{-}T− 120 360 480
Total 600 400 1000
Disease status Total Yes (D^(+)) No (D^(-)) “Result of RTPCR test” T^(+) 480 40 520 T^(-) 120 360 480 Total 600 400 1000| | | Disease status | | Total | | :—: | :—: | :—: | :—: | :—: | | | | Yes $\left(\mathrm{D}^{+}\right)$ | No $\left(\mathrm{D}^{-}\right)$ | | | Result of <br> RTPCR test | $\mathrm{T}^{+}$ | 480 | 40 | 520 | | | $\mathrm{T}^{-}$ | 120 | 360 | 480 | | | Total | 600 | 400 | 1000 |
What are the sensitivity and specificity of the test? Also, determine the positive and negative values of the test.
  1. (a) In usual notations you are given the following information
δ = 0.05 , π 1 = 0.75 , π 2 = 0.65 , π ¯ = 0.7 , α = 0.05 , β = 0.20 δ = 0.05 , π 1 = 0.75 , π 2 = 0.65 , π ¯ = 0.7 , α = 0.05 , β = 0.20 delta=0.05,pi_(1)=0.75,pi_(2)=0.65, bar(pi)=0.7,alpha=0.05,beta=0.20\delta=0.05, \pi_1=0.75, \pi_2=0.65, \bar{\pi}=0.7, \alpha=0.05, \beta=0.20δ=0.05,π1=0.75,π2=0.65,π¯=0.7,α=0.05,β=0.20
Find the sample size. If power of the test is 95 % 95 % 95%95 \%95% instead of 80 % 80 % 80%80 \%80%, then find new sample size.
(b) If you are told that haemoglobin ( H b ) ( H b ) (Hb)(\mathrm{Hb})(Hb) level in blood measures the iron content. The normal level in healthy people is around 15 g / d L 15 g / d L 15g//dL15 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{dL}15 g/dL. Most Indian women have less and some have even less than 8 g / d L 8 g / d L 8g//dL8 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{dL}8 g/dL. They are called anemic. Iron supplementation is given to increase this level. Suppose one supplementation increase the mean H b H b Hb\mathrm{Hb}Hb level in anemics by 3.2 g / d L g / d L g//dL\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{dL}g/dL, after one month of use and the other by 3.6 g / d L 3.6 g / d L 3.6g//dL3.6 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{dL}3.6 g/dL, in an equivalence trial on 500 women each. The respective SD’s of the of the increases are 0.52 and 0.72 g / d L 0.72 g / d L 0.72g//dL0.72 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{dL}0.72 g/dL. The doctors determine that the supplementations can be clinically equivalent if the difference between the increases by two supplementations does not exceed 0.52 g / d L 0.52 g / d L 0.52g//dL0.52 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{dL}0.52 g/dL. Can these two supplementations be considered clinically equivalent at 5 % 5 % 5%5 \%5% level of significance?
\(\operatorname{cosec}^2 \theta=1+\cot ^2 \theta\)

MST-019 Sample Solution 2024

mst-019-solved-assignment-2024-ss-8e24e610-06c9-4b43-84f6-a5bf6ef5ab5c

mst-019-solved-assignment-2024-ss-8e24e610-06c9-4b43-84f6-a5bf6ef5ab5c

  1. (a) In the natural history of a disease define: total preclinical phase, detectable pre-clinical phase and clinical phase. Suppose on 10 am on 25.01.2010 a disease A onset you biologically. Suppose test of the disease A can detect it exactly after completion of 1000 days of biologically onset. Suppose signs and symptoms develop exactly after completion of 1010 days of biologically onset. Suppose you consult doctor exactly after 1015 days of biologically onset of the disease. Suppose outcome the treatment is cure. What is duration of (i) total preclinical phase (ii) detectable pre-clinical phase (iii) clinical phase.
Answer:
In the natural history of a disease, we can define the following phases:
  1. Total Preclinical Phase: This is the period between the biological onset of the disease and the appearance of signs and symptoms. It is the time during which the disease is present in the body, but not yet clinically apparent.
  2. Detectable Pre-Clinical Phase: This is the part of the preclinical phase during which the disease is biologically present and can be detected by tests, but signs and symptoms have not yet appeared. It is the time between when the disease becomes detectable and when it becomes clinically apparent.
  3. Clinical Phase: This is the period after the signs and symptoms of the disease have appeared. It ends when the disease is either cured or results in the patient’s death.
Given the scenario:
  • Biological onset of disease A: 10 am, 25.01.2010
  • Test can detect disease A: After 1000 days of biological onset
  • Signs and symptoms appear: After 1010 days of biological onset
  • Consultation with doctor: After 1015 days of biological onset
  • Outcome of treatment: Cure
The durations of the phases are as follows:
  1. Total Preclinical Phase: From biological onset to the appearance of signs and symptoms = 1010 days
  2. Detectable Pre-Clinical Phase: From when the test can detect the disease to the appearance of signs and symptoms = 1010 days – 1000 days = 10 days
  3. Clinical Phase: From the appearance of signs and symptoms to consultation with the doctor (since the outcome is cure, we consider the clinical phase to end at consultation) = 1015 days – 1010 days = 5 days
So, the durations are:
(i) Total Preclinical Phase: 1010 days
(ii) Detectable Pre-Clinical Phase: 10 days
(iii) Clinical Phase: 5 days
\(a^2=b^2+c^2-2bc\:Cos\left(A\right)\)
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