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Answer – 1

There are a number of distinct architectures for conducting business online, each of which is fitted to a certain set of circumstances and offers a particular set of benefits. The following are some of the most often used models:

Business-to-Consumer (B2C): Under this strategy, businesses offer their products and services directly to end users over the internet. The transactions that fall under the category of “business to consumer” (B2C) are primarily retail transactions, in which firms offer their goods or services directly to individual consumers. Examples of business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce include online retail stores like Amazon or Walmart, as well as online marketplaces like Etsy or eBay. This type of e-commerce is the most widespread and commonly recognized type of online business. E-commerce that takes place between consumers and businesses directly is referred to as business-to-consumer (B2C) or direct-to-consumer (D2C) e-commerce. In this model, companies offer their wares to end users without the involvement of any middlemen.

Business-to-Business (B2B): Under this strategy, firms market their wares and services directly to other commercial enterprises over the internet. Transactions in business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce are primarily wholesale transactions, in which one firm sells large quantities of goods to another business. B2B e-commerce, also known as business-to-business e-commerce, is typically utilized for large-scale transactions, such the selling of raw materials or completed items; examples of such websites are Alibaba and ThomasNet. E-commerce of this kind is especially helpful for companies that are engaged in fields like manufacturing or distribution, which have a big number of clients or suppliers. E-commerce between businesses, often known as business-to-business (B2B) commerce, can also involve electronic procurement, which is when companies utilize the internet to buy products and services from their suppliers.

Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C): Under this business model, private individuals offer their wares or services to other private persons over the internet. Peer-to-peer (P2P) transactions are the most common type of C2C e-commerce transaction. These transactions include one individual selling to another individual. Online classifieds websites like Craigslist and online auction sites like eBay are two examples of consumer-to-consumer (C2C) forms of e-commerce. The C2C model is especially helpful for people who want to offer their goods or services to a big audience but do not want to go through the process of establishing their own company.

Consumer-to-Business (C2B): In this business model, customers sell their products or services directly to businesses over the internet. Transactions in consumer-to-business (C2B) e-commerce are generally conducted in the form of reverse auctions. During these auctions, consumers offer companies goods or services at a price that is lower than what is currently being offered. Freelancing is a common use of this kind of e-commerce, and some examples of such applications include sites such as Upwork and Fiverr. C2B model is very helpful for individuals who wish to offer their talents or services to businesses who are searching for contractors or freelancers. C2B model allows individuals to connect directly with businesses.

Business-to-Administration (B2A): Under this paradigm, private companies use the internet to offer their products, services, or information to public sector entities such as government agencies or other public bodies. Typically, business-to-government (B2G) e-commerce transactions are government-to-business (G2B) transactions, in which private companies supply goods or services to public sector organizations. To provide just two examples, there are online tax filing systems and online procurement platforms. The B2A approach is very helpful for companies that wish to sell their goods or services to governmental organizations.

Mobile commerce (m-commerce): Using mobile devices like smartphones and tablets, this business model allows for the purchase and sale of products and services. M-commerce, or mobile commerce, is quickly becoming increasingly popular as a growing number of customers purchase online using their mobile devices. Customers may shop whenever and wherever they choose using their mobile devices thanks to the ability to make purchases even while they are moving about. In addition, mobile devices come pre-loaded with a variety of technologies such as GPS and NFC, both of which have the potential to be applied to the provision of location-based services and mobile payments respectively.

Social commerce: This business model is a hybrid of e-commerce and social media, in which companies utilize various social media platforms to connect and communicate with their target audiences in order to make sales of their wares. Businesses are given the opportunity to establish a presence on social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Pinterest, which enables them to engage with the audiences that they are trying to reach. Businesses may leverage user-generated content, influencer marketing, and other methods to drive sales and raise brand recognition by exploiting the social component of these platforms. This can be done by utilizing the social part of these platforms. In addition, social commerce includes features such as in-platform shopping, in which customers can make purchases directly from a business’s social media page, and social media advertising, in which companies can target specific demographics with their advertisements. Customers can make purchases directly from a company’s social media page.

Subscription-based model: Customers have the ability to subscribe to a certain service or product for a predetermined period of time, during which time the payment will be processed on a recurring basis. This business model is predicated on recurring payments. Businesses that provide services or goods that customers will use on a regular basis, such as streaming services, online publications, and software as a service (SaaS) products, might benefit tremendously from adopting a strategy that is based on recurring payments known as a subscription. This strategy enables companies to have a more consistent stream of revenue and assists them in retaining consumers for longer periods of time, both of which are beneficial to the firm.

In conclusion, there is a wide variety of e-commerce models, each of which varies in terms of the qualities and functions it serves. Each of these models comes with its own set of benefits and drawbacks; various companies may discover that one of these models is superior to the others in terms of how well it accommodates the goods or services that they offer. However, many firms employ a combination of multiple business models in order to reach their target market. One example of this is the usage of the business-to-consumer model in conjunction with the subscription-based model in order to generate recurring income.